爆炸复合1Cr13Mo/45钢连铸辊工艺

鉴于目前连铸辊制造工艺存在的不足,以爆炸复合法制造1Cr13Mo/45钢复合轧辊,并以爆炸复合工艺为研究对象,采用超声波探伤和金相观察等方法,研究药厚和间隙大小对复合界面波形的影响.结果表明:药厚一定的情况下,间隙对复合轧辊界面波形的影响较大;而在间隙一定的情况下,药厚对复合轧辊界面波形的影响不明显.通过实验,获得了该...     

半穿甲弹设计及穿甲实验研究

为提高半穿甲弹的穿甲能力,设计了一种贫铀半穿甲实验弹。对实验弹的飞行稳定性进行了理论分析及数值模拟,两种方法计算得到的实验弹稳定储备量基本吻合,且能够满足实验弹的飞行稳定性要求。采用100mm滑膛炮,开展了贫铀半穿甲弹侵彻装甲靶板实验。实验结果表明,实验弹飞行稳定,与理论分析及数值模拟结果一致;实验弹在25°倾角下贯穿三层20mm厚GY4装甲钢,且回收到的弹体基本完好。通过对实验后的实验弹和靶板进行分析,认为贫铀半穿甲弹的穿甲能力较强。     

激光硬化9SiCr表面土壤磨损研究

在壤土、沙土和黏土3种土壤中对激光处理的9SiCr材料进行磨损试验,考察了激光硬化工艺参数对9SiCr 旋耕刀基体显微硬度的影响,获得9SiCr 旋耕刀基体激光硬化处理的最佳工艺参数。结果表明：在激光功率为1 200W、扫描速度为14mm/s和激光功率1500W、扫描速度16mm/s的条件下,磨损率较小。激光处理表面在3种土壤条件下进行了耐磨性比较,沙土对试件的磨损率影响最小。9SiCr经过激光处理其表面耐磨性比一般淬火表面的耐磨性提高约5倍。9SiCr表面磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损。激光处理9SiCr表面提高了表面硬化层的硬度,从而提高了材料的耐磨性,增加了9SiCr的使用寿命。     

Effect of surface nanocrystallization induced by fast multiple rotation rolling on hardness and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel

A nanostructured layer was fabricated by using fast multiple rotation rolling (FMRR) on the surface of 316L stainless steel. The microstructure in the surface was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of FMRR on the microhardness, surface roughness and corrosion behavior of the stainless steel were investigated by microhardness measurements, surface roughness measurements, potentiodynamic polarization curves and pitting corrosion tests. The surface morphologies of pitting corrosion specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that FMRR can cause surface nanocrystallization with the grain size ranges from 6 to 24 nm in the top surface layer of the sample. The microhardness of FMRR specimen in the top surface layer remarkably increases from 190 to 530 HV. However, the surface roughness slightly rises after FMRR treatment. The potentiodynamic polarization curves and pitting corrosion tests indicated that the FMRR treated 316L stainless steel with a surface nanocrystallized layer reduced the corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution and enhanced the pitting corrosion rate in a FeCl₃ solution. Possible reasons leading to the decrease in corrosion resistance were discussed.     

Coating of Cr-V ledeburitic steel with CrN containing a small addition of Ag

Samples made from Vanadis 6 PM ledeburitic tool steel were surface machined, ground, and mirror polished. They were heat treated and coated with CrN with and without Ag addition by reactive magnetron sputtering. The CrN film grew in a typically columnar manner. A small addition of 3% Ag did not lead to alterations in the growth mechanism. The hardness of the CrN coating was 16.79 ± 1.49 GPa compared to 15.97 ± 1.44 GPa for the coating with Ag addition. The Ag addition in the CrN improved adhesion of the coating, which can be attributed to the capability of CrAgN coating to accommodate higher deformation energy before failure. The CrAgN coating exhibited superior tribological properties at intermediate temperatures. Compared to pure CrN the friction coefficient is lowered to 70-75% when measured at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. This is reflected in a reduction in the volume wear, which was found to be three times lower for the coating containing Ag. Flexural strength decreased slightly for the CrN- or CrAgN-coated material compared to uncoated steel. However, as the decrease in flexural strength is very weak there is practically no risk of significant embrittlement of the investigated material due to the CrN coating with or without Ag addition.     

紧凑型X-pinch装置探头标定

 介绍了紧凑型X-pinch脉冲功率装置的电流电压测量设计方法。根据该装置的同轴传输线结构特点,研制了一种利用金属膜连接传输线外筒与负载外筒,构成回路测量负载电流的探头。在传输线末端设计电容分压器作为测量负载电压的探头,并利用电路模拟软件对此过程进行模拟,同时这两个探头需要进行在线标定。实验研究结果表明,该探头性能稳定、响应快,是测量负载电流与电压的理想工具。     

强流脉冲电子束作用下20钢的微观结构状态

 为了研究金属材料的超快变形行为,利用强流脉冲电子束（HCPEB）装置对20钢进行轰击,采用X射线衍射、光学显微镜及透射电镜等技术分析了受轰击样品的变形组织与结构。实验结果表明,强流脉冲电子束能够在材料表层诱发幅值为1 GPa量级的应力,快速的加热和冷却过程在近表层诱发了强烈的塑性变形,并在材料表层内形成了复杂的位错缠结结构和位错胞结构,同时还伴随位错圈等空位簇缺陷的形成,多次轰击导致局部区域形成纳米和非晶结构。HCPBE轰击诱发的幅值极大的应力和极高的应变速率而导致的整个原子平面的位移可能是非晶结构形成的关键原因。     

Nondestructive evaluation for remanent life of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel by reversible magnetic permeability

We present a magnetic and nondestructive method to evaluate the remanent life of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel by measuring the reversible magnetic permeability. Specimens with ten different kinds of aging periods were prepared using an isothermal heat treatment at 690 °C. The Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) was calculated and the peak interval of reversible magnetic permeability (PIRMP) was measured using the surface type probe. PIRMP was inversely proportional to LMP. We can evaluate the remanent life of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel using the relationship between PIRMP and LMP. Also, we present the possibility that the tensile strength and yield strength measured by destructive methods could be estimated by PIRMP measured nondestructively.     

Effect of annealing prior to cold rolling on magnetic and mechanical properties of low carbon non-oriented electrical steels

The effects of annealing prior to cold rolling on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of low-C grain non-oriented (GNO) electrical steels have been investigated. The grain structure of hot-rolled electrical steel strips is modified by annealing at temperatures between 700 and 1050 °C. Annealing at temperatures less than the ferrite to austenite+ferrite transformation temperature on heating (Ac₁) causes a marginal effect on the grain size. However, annealing in the intercritical region at temperatures between Ac₁ and Ac₃ (the ferrite+austenite to austenite transformation temperature on heating) causes rapid decarburization and development of large columnar ferrite grains free of carbide particles. This microstructure leads, after cold rolling and a fast annealing treatment, to carbide free, large ferrite grain microstructures with magnetic and mechanical properties superior to those observed typically in the same steel in the industrially fully processed condition. These results are attributed to the increment in grain size and to the {1 0 0} fiber texture developed during the final annealing at temperatures up to 850 °C. Annealing at higher temperatures, T>Ac₃, results in a strong {1 1 1} fiber texture and an increase of the quantity of second phase particles present in the microstructure, which lead to a negative effect on the final properties. The results suggest that annealing prior to cold rolling offers an attractive alternative processing route for the manufacture of fully processed low C GNO electrical steels strips.     

The influence of compressive stress applied by hard coatings on the power loss of grain oriented electrical steel sheet

To reduce the core loss of electrical steel the vacuum arc ion plating technique has been used to deposit titanium nitride (TiN) layers on highly grain oriented electrical steel sheets. The layer thickness, the stresses of layers and coated sheets and the achieved reduction in core losses have been measured as functions of coating duration and applied bias voltage. Well adhered layers with high compressive stress up to 6.8 GPa have been produced. With increasing bias voltage the layer thickness decreases and the intrinsic stress of the layers increase. A further increase of bias voltage leads to a drop in stress due to thermal relaxation. In general, the tensile stress of the coated sheets rises with increasing layer thickness while the core loss of the coated material decreases with increasing tensile stress of the steel sheet and increasing bias voltage. The highest reduction of core loss has been found to be 28% (from P_1.7=0.86 W/kg for commercially coated HGO electrical steel sheet with glass film to 0.62 W/kg for TiN coated material) and is due to the reduction of excess loss only.